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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Blood Transfusion01:15

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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Massive Transfusion in Pediatric Patients.

Lucas P Neff1, Michael Aaron Beckwith2, Robert T Russell3

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 5th Floor, Watlington Hall, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
|January 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Massive transfusion in children is rare but deadly. Current pediatric massive transfusion protocols lack standardization, and research into effective treatments like pharmacologic adjuncts is ongoing.

Keywords:
Blood failureEndotheliopathyHemorrhagePediatric massive transfusionWhole blood

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Trauma Critical Care
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • Massive transfusion in pediatric patients carries a higher mortality risk compared to adults.
  • Understanding coagulopathy in hemorrhagic shock involves concepts like blood failure and the blood-endothelium interface.
  • There is a lack of a standardized definition and universally accepted protocol for pediatric massive transfusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges and current state of knowledge regarding massive transfusion in pediatric patients.
  • To underscore the need for a clear definition and standardized protocols for pediatric massive transfusion.
  • To review the potential role of pharmacologic adjuncts in managing pediatric massive transfusion-associated coagulopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing concepts in transfusion medicine and pediatric critical care.
  • Analysis of current understanding of hemorrhagic shock and coagulopathy in children.
  • Examination of the evidence base for interventions in pediatric massive transfusion.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric massive transfusion is infrequent but associated with significantly higher mortality.
  • Conceptual frameworks like blood failure and the blood-endothelium interface aid in understanding coagulopathy.
  • No universally accepted definition or protocol for pediatric massive transfusion exists.
  • High-quality evidence for pharmacologic adjuncts in pediatric massive transfusion is currently lacking.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric massive transfusion presents unique challenges with high associated mortality.
  • Standardized definitions and protocols are urgently needed for effective management.
  • Further high-quality research is required to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacologic adjuncts in pediatric massive transfusion.