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Area of Science:

  • Clinical research methodology
  • Public health interventions

Background:

  • Study results require representative participants for practice relevance.
  • Insufficient or unrepresentative subject recruitment threatens external validity and evidence-based practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify common challenges in subject recruitment for clinical studies.
  • To propose practical solutions to improve participant recruitment and study generalizability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of four recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Focus on interventions for musculoskeletal pain and common mental disorders.
  • Identification of common and specific recruitment challenges within these RCTs.

Main Results:

  • Key recruitment challenges were identified across the example studies.
  • Practical solutions were proposed to address these identified challenges.
  • A checklist of challenges and solutions was developed for future trial guidance.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing recruitment challenges is essential for enhancing the external validity of research.
  • The proposed checklist can aid future trials in recruitment and reporting.
  • Improved recruitment strategies support robust evidence-based practice.