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Coccidioidomycosis: a review.

Royce H Johnson1,2, Rupam Sharma1,2, Rasha Kuran1,2

  • 1Infectious Diseases, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, California, USA.

Journal of Investigative Medicine : the Official Publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
|January 26, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coccidioidomycosis, a fungal infection from inhaling arthroconidia, is common in arid Western Hemisphere regions. While often asymptomatic, it can cause pneumonia or disseminated disease, requiring azoles or amphotericin B for severe cases.

Keywords:
pneumoniapublishing

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection endemic to arid regions of the Western Hemisphere.
  • Infection occurs through inhalation of arthroconidia from contaminated soil.
  • Most infections are asymptomatic, but pulmonary and disseminated forms can occur.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of coccidioidomycosis.
  • To highlight the spectrum of disease, from asymptomatic infection to severe disseminated forms.
  • To provide an overview of current therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on coccidioidomycosis.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical case studies.
  • Synthesis of information on diagnostic approaches and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Coccidioidomycosis is primarily a pulmonary infection, often resolving without intervention.
  • Disseminated disease, though less common, can affect the meninges, bones, joints, and skin.
  • Antifungal medications such as azoles and amphotericin B are used for treatment, with choices depending on disease severity.

Conclusions:

  • Coccidioidomycosis presents a significant public health challenge in endemic areas.
  • Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial for preventing severe outcomes.
  • Continued research is needed to improve prevention and treatment strategies for this fungal infection.