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Related Concept Videos

Corrosion02:49

Corrosion

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The degradation of metals due to natural electrochemical processes is known as corrosion. Rust formation on iron, tarnishing of silver, and the blue-green patina that develops on copper are examples of corrosion. Corrosion involves the oxidation of metals. Sometimes it is protective, such as the oxidation of copper or aluminum, wherein a protective layer of metal oxide or its derivatives forms on the surface, protecting the underlying metal from further oxidation. In other cases, corrosion is...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Defect-driven selective metal oxidation at atomic scale.

Qi Zhu1, Zhiliang Pan2, Zhiyu Zhao1

  • 1Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.

Nature Communications
|January 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Crystal defects like twin boundaries drive selective oxidation in nanoscale silver and palladium. This defect-controlled process reveals atomic-scale reaction dynamics for enhanced nanomaterial performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Crystal defects significantly alter nanomaterial chemical reactivity.
  • Understanding defect-controlled reaction dynamics at the atomic scale is crucial for applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reveal the dynamics of site-selective oxidation in nanotwinned silver and palladium.
  • To elucidate the role of stacking faults and twin boundaries in oxidation processes.

Main Methods:

  • In situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
  • First-principles calculations.

Main Results:

  • Identified preferential oxide nucleation at coherent planar defects (stacking faults, twin boundaries) due to high oxygen binding energies.
  • Demonstrated planar-fault mediated oxygen diffusion.
  • Observed layer-by-layer inward oxide growth driven by atomic step migration at the oxide-metal interface.

Conclusions:

  • Provided atomistic visualization of defect-driven oxidation dynamics in metallic nanostructures.
  • Highlighted the potential for defect engineering to modify nanomaterial physiochemical properties.