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Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats

Published on: March 17, 2019

A specific neural substrate predicting current and future impulsivity in young adults.

J Scott Steele^1,2, Michele Bertocci³, Kristen Eckstrand³

¹Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. jsteele@uams.edu.

Molecular Psychiatry

|January 26, 2021

Summary

This study reveals that specific patterns of amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and connectivity are uniquely linked to impulsivity in young adults. These neural markers may predict future impulsivity, offering targets for interventions in psychiatric disorders.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Cognitive Science

Background:

Impulsivity is a transdiagnostic feature of psychiatric disorders.
Altered amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity are implicated in impulsivity, but their specificity is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To differentiate neural markers of impulsivity from affective and anxiety symptoms.
To identify amygdala-PFC circuitry measures predicting future impulsivity.

Main Methods:

A face emotion processing task was used to assess neural activity and functional connectivity in a transdiagnostic sample of young adults.
Relationships between neural measures and impulsivity, anhedonia, and affective/anxiety symptoms were examined at baseline and 6-month follow-up.

Main Results:

Greater amygdala activity and lower amygdala-medial PFC connectivity were associated with impulsivity.
Amygdala activity to facial sadness predicted future impulsivity.
Left vlPFC activity to facial anger was inversely associated with mania/hypomania.

Conclusions:

Findings provide the first association between amygdala-PFC activity/connectivity and impulsivity in a large, transdiagnostic sample.
Identified neural targets may inform interventions to reduce impulsivity and related mental health issues in young adults.