Part 1: Surgical Correction in 231 Trigonocephaly Patients - The Alder Hey Experience

Isolated metopic synostosis presents with a range of severity, from a palpable ridge as the sole presenting feature to a constellation of features resulting in trigonocephaly. At our unit, patients on the moderate to severe end of the phenotypic spectrum of trigonocephaly are offered fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling. The authors present our series of trigonocephaly patients who have undergone surgical correction. From January 2000 to January 2020, the authors operated on 231 patients with trigonocephaly. The average age at surgery was 18 months, with an average follow-up of 77.4 months. Seventy-nine percent of patients had no comorbidity. Ten percent of patients sustained a dural tear with no long-term consequences. The total early complication rate was 12.1%. The most common early complications were wound infection and wound dehiscence at 7.4% and 3.9% respectively. The total reoperation rate was 6.5%. The introduction of infection prevention and control measures over the 2 decades at our unit reduced the reoperation rate to 1.1%. The most common late complication was temporal recession in 20.8% of patients, none of whom required aesthetic correction. The recurrence rate of a metopic ridge was 2.3% with no patients requiring further surgery. None of our patients required calvarial remodeling for raised intracranial pressure after the primary fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling. There were no life-threatening complications or mortalities in our cohort. The authors present recommendations which include an infection control care bundle, cessation of surgical drains, and practice adjustments to reduce risks of infection and risk of requiring further calvarial remodelling for raised intracranial pressure.