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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
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Monocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Stefano Ugel1, Stefania Canè1, Francesco De Sanctis1

  • 1Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy;

Annual Review of Pathology
|January 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monocytes play a dual role in cancer, promoting immune suppression or antitumor responses. Understanding monocyte plasticity is key to improving cancer immunotherapy outcomes.

Keywords:
cancerimmunotherapyinnate immunitymonocytestumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy has advanced cancer treatment but benefits limited patient groups.
  • Tumors create an immune-suppressive microenvironment influenced by various factors.
  • Monocytes are crucial immune cells with diverse roles in cancer progression and immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the ontogeny, heterogeneity, and functions of monocytes and monocyte-derived cells in cancer.
  • To identify key pathways involved in shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
  • To highlight the plasticity of monocytes in response to tumor cues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current knowledge on monocyte biology in cancer.
  • Analysis of monocyte ontogeny and heterogeneity.
  • Examination of monocyte functions and their impact on the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Monocytes exhibit plasticity, contributing to both immune suppression and antitumor immunity.
  • Monocyte-derived cells can promote immune tolerance, angiogenesis, and tumor cell dissemination.
  • Monocytes can also activate anti-tumor effectors and antigen-presenting cells.

Conclusions:

  • Monocyte plasticity is central to their dual role in cancer.
  • Targeting monocyte pathways may enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
  • Further research into monocyte heterogeneity and function is crucial for developing novel cancer treatments.