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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

558
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
558
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Does cognitive training improve attention/working memory in persons with MS? A pilot study using the Cogmed Working

Mervin Blair1, Daphne Goveas1, Ajmal Safi1

  • 1Lawson Health Research Institute, Clinical Neuropsychiatry & Therapeutic Brain Stimulation Research, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, 550 Wellington Rd, London, ON, Canada.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
|January 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT) may improve attention and mood in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have cognitive impairments. Further research is needed to confirm these promising findings.

Keywords:
AttentionCognitive impairmentCognitive rehabilitationDepressionExecutive functionMultiple sclerosisWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Cognitive deficits, particularly in attention, are prevalent in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).
  • These deficits significantly impact quality of life (QOL) and are linked to work disability.
  • Impaired attention and working memory are key concerns for PwMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT) in enhancing attention and working memory in PwMS.
  • To assess the impact of CWMT on cognitive functions and mood in individuals with MS-related cognitive impairments.

Main Methods:

  • A single-blind, randomized controlled pilot study compared CWMT to standard medical care (treatment as usual).
  • Participants (aged 18-64) with MS and demonstrated attention deficits were recruited.
  • Primary outcomes included measures of attention and working memory; secondary outcomes assessed mood, QOL, and other cognitive domains.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements were observed in the CWMT group for one primary attentional outcome (DKEFS Color-Word Interference Test).
  • The CWMT group also showed significant improvements in two secondary attentional outcomes (Letter-Number Sequencing, Digit Span) and a mood scale (HADS-Depression Subscale).
  • No significant changes were noted in the treatment as usual group.

Conclusions:

  • This pilot study suggests CWMT has potential benefits for improving attention/working memory in PwMS.
  • CWMT may also exert a positive influence on mood in individuals with MS.
  • Further investigation into CWMT for PwMS with attention/working memory impairments is warranted.