Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.7K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.7K
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

553
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
553
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

7.6K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.6K
Language Development01:22

Language Development

631
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
631
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

193
Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
193
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

577
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
577

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Role of Prosody in Expressing Subjective and Objective Causality in English.

Language and speech·2025
Same author

On the Persistence of Discourse Predictions: The Facilitative Effect of Discourse Markers Diminishes in the Presence of Intervening Material.

Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science·2025
Same author

Closed-loop communication during out-of-hospital resuscitation.

Communication & medicine·2025
Same author

Integrating Text Structure Instruction in Science Education: A Design-Based Study.

Journal of science teacher education·2025
Same author

Corrigendum: Where's Wally: the influence of visual salience on referring expression generation.

Frontiers in psychology·2024
Same author

Corrigendum: Giving good directions: order of mention reflects visual salience.

Frontiers in psychology·2024
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Productivity matters for the neural processing of novel words, but not existing ones" Cognition Volume 274 (2026) 106593.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Investigating the origins of partisanship: What motivates children to preferentially endorse their ingroups' claims?

Cognition·2026
Same journal

People make graded judgments about the inconceivable.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

The self as an image: Appearance and belief in visual representations of one's own face.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to 'Consonant, vowel, and tone cues in early wordform recognition: Evidence from Cantonese-learning infants' [Cognition 275 (2026) 106624].

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Identifying distinct sources of whole number interference in children's decimal comparison: the role of numerical magnitude and inhibitory control.

Cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
08:32

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

5.8K

Expectations from relative clauses: Real-time coherence updates in discourse processing.

Jet Hoek1, Hannah Rohde2, Jacqueline Evers-Vermeul1

  • 1Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, Trans 10, 3512 JK Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Cognition
|January 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Readers actively build discourse structure in real time using implicit cues, even when not required for coherence. This demonstrates a sophisticated ability in real-time text comprehension and predictive processing.

More Related Videos

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.4K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
08:32

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

5.8K
Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.4K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Text comprehension involves anticipating future content and discourse structure.
  • Readers utilize available cues to build a coherent mental representation of the text.
  • The role of implicit, non-obligatory dependencies in real-time discourse structuring is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether readers build implicit, non-obligatory discourse structures during real-time text processing.
  • To examine the role of coherence-driven inferences versus other cues in discourse updating.
  • To provide evidence for the active construction of discourse structure beyond immediate coherence needs.

Main Methods:

  • An eye-tracking while reading experiment was employed.
  • Participants read passages with implicit dependencies.
  • Content segments were designed to be non-essential for coherence-driven inference.

Main Results:

  • Eye-tracking data revealed evidence of readers anticipating and integrating information based on implicit dependencies.
  • Comprehenders actively updated their discourse representation even when the content was not obligatory for local coherence.
  • The findings suggest a robust mechanism for building discourse structure beyond immediate inferential needs.

Conclusions:

  • Readers actively construct discourse structure in real time, utilizing implicit cues.
  • This construction occurs even for non-obligatory dependencies, indicating a proactive comprehension strategy.
  • The study provides strong evidence for the dynamic and predictive nature of human text comprehension.