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Upper extremity exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A L Ries1, B Ellis, R W Hawkins

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.

Chest
|April 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Specific upper-extremity training programs, including gravity-resistance and PNF, improved arm function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These targeted exercises may benefit COPD rehabilitation beyond traditional lower-body training.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Rehabilitation
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often experience greater limitations in upper-extremity activities compared to lower-extremity activities.
  • Current exercise training for COPD predominantly focuses on lower-extremity conditioning, potentially neglecting a significant area of functional impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate the efficacy of two practical upper-extremity training programs for patients with COPD.
  • To compare the effects of gravity-resistance (GR) and modified proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) upper-extremity training against a control group within a pulmonary rehabilitation setting.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-five patients with COPD were enrolled and randomly assigned to either GR upper-extremity training, PNF upper-extremity training, or a control group (no upper-extremity training).

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  • Training interventions lasted at least six weeks, with participants evaluated before and after the program.
  • Outcome measures included upper-extremity performance tests, isokinetic and isotonic arm cycling, ventilatory muscle endurance, and simulated activities of daily living.

    • Main Results:

    • Both GR and PNF training groups showed significant improvements in upper-extremity performance tests and isokinetic arm cycling endurance and maximal level compared to the control group.
    • No significant improvements were observed in isotonic arm cycling, ventilatory muscle endurance, or simulated activities of daily living.
    • Ratings of perceived breathlessness and fatigue decreased significantly across all groups for several tested activities.

    Conclusions:

    • Specific upper-extremity training programs, such as GR and PNF, can enhance arm function in patients with COPD.
    • These findings suggest that targeted upper-extremity exercise may be a valuable addition to comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs for COPD.
    • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the benefits and optimal implementation of upper-extremity training in COPD management.