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Cognition in Healthy Aging.

Macarena Sánchez-Izquierdo1, Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros2

  • 1Dept of Psychology. Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|January 27, 2021
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Cognitive functioning in healthy aging adults shows significant variability. Longitudinal studies indicate age-related cognitive decline occurs later than previously thought, influenced by lifestyle factors.

Keywords:
cognitive agingcognitive changecognitive trajectorieshealthy cognitive agingintelligence across life spanwell being

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cognitive change across the lifespan is studied using cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and biomedical fields.
  • Longitudinal and cohort designs, along with experimental interventions, are increasingly used to study aging.
  • Research on cognitive functioning in healthy older adults is crucial for understanding aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review aging databases for relevant studies on cognitive functioning in healthy older adults.
  • To examine longitudinal, cross-sectional, cohort studies, and intervention program evaluations.
  • To identify long-term patterns of cognitive stability and change across the lifespan in old age.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of aging databases was conducted.
  • Studies included longitudinal, cross-sectional, cohort designs, and intervention evaluations.
  • Focus was on cognitive functioning in healthy older adults.

Main Results:

  • Significant inter-individual variability exists in age-related cognitive functioning changes.
  • Longitudinal studies suggest cognitive decline in healthy individuals occurs later in life than cross-sectional studies indicate.
  • Aerobic exercise and an intellectually engaged lifestyle show benefits for cognitive health.

Conclusions:

  • Bio-psycho-socioenvironmental factors, along with age, influence cognitive stability and change in later life.
  • Maintaining an engaged lifestyle and physical activity can positively impact cognitive function in aging.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the interplay of factors affecting cognitive aging.