Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Midpoint Formula01:24

The Midpoint Formula

80
In coordinate geometry, determining the central point between two locations is common. This central point, or midpoint, lies exactly halfway along the line segment connecting two points in a two-dimensional space. It has applications in mathematics, physics, engineering, and various planning disciplines.Given two points labeled as A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) on a coordinate plane, a straight line segment can be plotted between them. The midpoint, labeled point M, divides this segment into two...
80
Mesh Analysis for AC Circuits01:12

Mesh Analysis for AC Circuits

533
In the domain of radio communication, the significance of impedance matching must be considered. It is crucial to ensure the efficient transmission of signals between radio transmitters and receivers. Achieving this balance involves using impedance-matching circuits, with one fundamental configuration comprising a resistor, capacitor, and inductor.
The process of harmonizing these impedances begins with a clear understanding of the input and output signals. Once these signals are known, the...
533
Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

301
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
301
Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

2.0K
Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
2.0K
Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

5.7K
The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
5.7K
The Antenna Complex01:15

The Antenna Complex

7.1K
Plants and other photosynthetic organisms comprise pigments capable of absorption of direct sunlight. These pigments are present in the reaction center - the main site of photochemical reactions as well as in the antenna complex. Under average light conditions, the rate at which reaction center pigments absorb light is far below the electron transport chain's capacity. As a result, the reaction center alone cannot provide enough energy to drive photosynthesis. The photosynthetic efficiency can...
7.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Short-chain fatty acids modulate the development and the cell surface molecule expression of DCs by epigenetic regulation.

Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology·2026
Same author

Case Report: Patient-derived organoids guiding dabrafenib-trametinib therapy in BRAF<sup>V600E</sup>-mutant metastatic gastric cancer.

Frontiers in oncology·2026
Same author

In Situ Atomic Arrangement and Defect Engineering of Li-Rich Cathodes for Interface Stabilization.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Intrinsic oxygen vacancy synergistic Co sites rapidly regulate electron transfer for efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

A novel malignant mesothelioma organoids-T cell co-culture platform for personalized immunochemotherapy testing.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Kinetic Control of Anisotropic Grain Growth in Ni-Rich Layered Cathodes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
10:35

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Published on: September 26, 2014

12.5K

Design of mmWave Directional Antenna for Enhanced 5G Broadcasting Coverage.

Tao Hong1,2, Shuli Zheng2, Rongke Liu2

  • 1Yunnan Innovation Institute·BUAA, Kunming 650000, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a directional horn antenna designed for 5G millimeter wave broadcasting, overcoming signal loss in tunnels. The novel antenna design enhances gain and directional radiation for improved broadcasting performance.

Keywords:
5G broadcastingMOGASIW horn antennammWavetunnel

More Related Videos

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters
10:54

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

Published on: July 8, 2013

15.1K
Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
09:33

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

6.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
10:35

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Published on: September 26, 2014

12.5K
Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters
10:54

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

Published on: July 8, 2013

15.1K
Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
09:33

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

6.5K

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Electromagnetics
  • Antenna Theory

Background:

  • 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) broadcasting faces significant signal attenuation, particularly in environments like tunnels.
  • Existing broadcasting methods struggle to maintain signal integrity over long distances and through obstructions.
  • Developing efficient directional antennas is crucial for reliable mmWave signal transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and optimize a directional horn antenna for 5G mmWave broadcasting applications.
  • To address the challenge of signal loss in tunnels and enhance broadcasting signal strength.
  • To improve antenna gain and beam directivity for better signal focusing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology and dual-element arrays for antenna construction.
  • Incorporated extension structures to enhance directional characteristics.
  • Employed a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) for efficient antenna parameter optimization.
  • Fabricated the antenna using FR4 material with a relative permittivity of 4.4.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a maximum antenna gain of 8.06 dB.
  • Obtained a bandwidth with gain greater than 6.5 dB of nearly 2 GHz.
  • The designed antenna measured 28.2 mm x 28.6 mm.
  • Simulations and tests confirmed the effectiveness of the extended semicircular structure in enhancing directional radiation.

Conclusions:

  • The designed directional horn antenna effectively compensates for mmWave signal loss, especially in tunnels.
  • The antenna structure, optimized using MOGA, provides significant gain and narrow beam characteristics.
  • This research offers a valuable reference for developing directional antennas for 5G mmWave broadcasting, improving signal coverage and quality.