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Area of Science:

  • Medical Virology
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • Respiratory viruses cause significant non-battle injury disease and medical encounters.
  • Influenza infections particularly impact military force readiness.
  • Vaccines offer incomplete protection, necessitating robust surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To track the frequency of 16 respiratory viruses over two seasons.
  • To analyze influenza seasonality and vaccine effectiveness.
  • To inform targeted preventative measures in military communities.

Main Methods:

  • Multiplex polymerase chain reaction and rapid antigen testing used for patient samples.
  • Data collected on testing dates, locations, and patient ages.
  • Surveillance conducted at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center over two consecutive respiratory seasons.

Main Results:

  • Influenza A and B, and rhino/enterovirus were the most frequent viruses identified.
  • Influenza seasonality varied between the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 seasons.
  • Vaccine effectiveness differed, with lower efficacy against H3N2 in 2017-2018, highlighting surveillance's role in identifying outbreaks and mismatched strains.

Conclusions:

  • Respiratory virus surveillance, especially for influenza, is crucial for predicting disease burden and guiding preventative protocols.
  • Data can rapidly assess vaccine efficacy and inform the need for antivirals based on strain matching.
  • Monitoring viral trends in Department of Defense communities allows for precise, location-specific interventions.