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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

Factors Affecting Illness

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...

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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Obesity considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak.

François Dohet¹, Suva Loap², Alain Menzel¹

¹Laboratoires Réunis, Junglinster, Luxembourg.

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition

|January 27, 2021

Summary

Obesity worsens COVID-19 severity, but the relationship is complex. Visceral fat and poor nutrition are key risks, requiring urgent weight management strategies for public health and economic challenges.

Keywords:

ACE2 COVID-19 Obesity antioxidants cytokine storm visceral fat

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Nutrition Science

Background:

The global population faces a dual epidemic of COVID-19 and obesity.
Obesity is linked to increased COVID-19 severity, posing significant public health concerns.
The interplay between obesity and COVID-19 is complex, extending beyond simple Body Mass Index (BMI) correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the multifaceted relationship between obesity and COVID-19 severity.
To identify specific obesity-related risk factors contributing to severe COVID-19 outcomes.
To highlight the need for integrated weight management strategies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on obesity, COVID-19, and related physiological mechanisms.
Analysis of the impact of visceral adiposity, immune responses, and nutritional status on COVID-19 outcomes.
Consideration of lifestyle changes and socioeconomic factors influenced by COVID-19 lockdowns.

Main Results:

Obesity's impact on COVID-19 severity is nuanced, with potential protective effects in some critical conditions (obesity paradox).
Visceral adiposity is identified as a significant risk factor due to immune activation, ACE2 expression, and contribution to cytokine storms.
Poor antioxidant status and lifestyle changes during lockdowns exacerbate risks.

Conclusions:

The co-occurrence of obesity and COVID-19 presents a major public health and economic challenge.
Urgent identification of weight-related risk factors for COVID-19 is necessary.
Development and implementation of effective weight management programs are crucial for mitigating the impact of these concomitant epidemics.