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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry
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Commentary on Some Recent Theses Relevant to Combating Aging: February 2021.

Benjamin Zealley, Aubrey D N J de Grey

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    This review covers advancements in universal immune receptors, diabetes and aging research, cancer therapy using nanoparticles, tissue bioprinting, gene therapy vectors, and rare genetic disease treatments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Immunology
    • Genetics
    • Oncology
    • Metabolic Diseases

    Background:

    • The rapid advancement of biomedical research necessitates a review of cutting-edge theses.
    • Understanding complex diseases requires interdisciplinary approaches, from molecular synthesis to clinical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize and highlight key findings from recent doctoral theses in diverse biomedical fields.
    • To provide researchers with an accessible overview of novel methodologies and therapeutic strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of multiple doctoral theses covering a range of scientific disciplines.
    • Synthesis of information on advanced topics including receptor development, nanoparticle drug delivery, and gene editing.

    Main Results:

    • Development of next-generation universal immune receptors.
    • Insights into advanced glycation end-products in diabetes and aging.
    • Novel hybrid nanoparticles for enhanced cancer therapy.
    • Advancements in in situ bioprinting of biomaterials and tissues.
    • Improved adeno-associated virus (AAV) variants for gene therapy.
    • Progress in substrate reduction therapy for Krabbe disease.

    Conclusions:

    • The reviewed theses represent significant progress across multiple areas of biomedical science.
    • These advancements hold promise for future therapeutic interventions and disease understanding.