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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear medicine
  • Neuroimaging
  • Radiopharmaceutical chemistry

Background:

  • Dementia diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and biomarkers.
  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) offers in vivo visualization of pathological processes.
  • Advances in PET tracers are crucial for understanding and managing dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of PET imaging agents for dementia research and diagnostics.
  • To classify tracers based on their molecular targets.
  • To highlight recent advancements and future potential in PET neuroimaging for dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of radiopharmaceuticals used in PET imaging for dementia.
  • Classification of tracers by visualized targets: misfolded proteins (amyloid, tau, alpha-synuclein), neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter systems, synaptic density, and energy metabolism.
  • Discussion of established tracers like 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and approved amyloid tracers.

Main Results:

  • Seven categories of PET tracers are identified based on their targets.
  • Approved tracers exist for beta-amyloid plaques, and tau tracers are in clinical research.
  • Numerous novel agents are in preclinical/experimental development, promising future advancements.

Conclusions:

  • PET imaging agents are vital for early dementia diagnosis and classification.
  • Established and novel PET tracers facilitate accurate monitoring of therapeutic interventions.
  • PET data holds prognostic value and aids in personalized treatment strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.