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Enhanced laser-driven proton acceleration using nanowire targets.

S Vallières1,2, M Salvadori3,4,5, A Permogorov6

  • 1INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada. simon.vallieres@emt.inrs.ca.

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Nanostructured targets, specifically nanowires, significantly enhance laser-driven proton acceleration. Optimizing nanowire gap size boosts proton energy, temperature, and number, overcoming challenges in Target-Normal Sheath Acceleration.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Laser-Matter Interaction
  • High-Energy-Density Physics

Background:

  • Laser-driven ion acceleration is crucial for applications requiring compact particle sources.
  • The Target-Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) mechanism is widely used but faces limitations in energy transfer efficiency.
  • Enhancing laser-to-proton energy conversion is key to maximizing proton kinetic energy and yield.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of nanostructured target surfaces for improving laser-driven proton acceleration.
  • To determine the optimal parameters of nanowire targets for enhanced proton acceleration via TNSA.
  • To elucidate the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed enhancements in proton energy and number.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental campaign using a 10 TW ultra-high contrast laser at Lund Laser Center (LLC).
  • Utilized nanowire structures with varying lengths, diameters, and gap sizes as laser targets.
  • Supported by Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations to analyze underlying physics and validate experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Nanowire targets increased maximum proton energy by a factor of two compared to flat targets.
  • Proton temperature was tripled, and proton numbers were significantly boosted.
  • Optimal nanowire length for maximum proton energy (around 6 MeV) was 1-2 µm.
  • Optimizing the spatial gap between nanowires yielded greater enhancement than adjusting length or diameter, attributed to increased electron heating.

Conclusions:

  • Nanostructured nanowire targets offer a viable strategy to enhance laser-driven proton acceleration.
  • Optimizing nanowire geometry, particularly the gap size, is critical for maximizing proton beam characteristics.
  • The findings provide a pathway for developing more efficient laser-based proton sources.