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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

864
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

626
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Selective Cell Elimination from Mixed 3D Culture Using a Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Technique
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Cancer photo-immunotherapy: from bench to bedside.

Miao Wang1, Jie Rao1, Meng Wang2

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.

Theranostics
|January 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Combining phototherapy with immunotherapy offers a powerful strategy for metastatic cancer treatment. This photo-immunotherapy approach eradicates tumors and stimulates the immune system to combat cancer throughout the body.

Keywords:
Cancercombination therapyimmunotherapyphoto-immunotherapyphototherapy

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Last Updated: Nov 19, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Photomedicine

Background:

  • Combination therapy of targeted therapy and immunotherapy is ideal for metastatic cancer.
  • Phototherapy eradicates primary tumors and initiates antitumor immune responses via immunogenic cell death.
  • Phototherapy enhances immunotherapies like CAR T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and progress of photo-immunotherapy for metastatic cancer.
  • To highlight the synergy between phototherapy and immunotherapy in controlling cancer.
  • To discuss the transition of photo-immunotherapy from research to clinical application.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on phototherapy combined with immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of mechanisms including immunogenic cell death and antigen presentation.
  • Examination of clinical applications and progress in photo-immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Photo-immunotherapy induces synergistic antitumor immune responses.
  • Combination therapy controls residual tumor cells and distant metastases.
  • Phototherapy enhances the efficacy of various immunotherapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Photo-immunotherapy represents a promising clinical strategy for metastatic cancer.
  • The combination leverages phototherapy's ability to induce immunogenic cell death and enhance immune responses.
  • Further development is progressing from benchtop research to clinical therapy.