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The maximum size of aggregate is defined as the aperture of the sieve retaining 15 percent or more of the particles present in the aggregate sample. The aggregate's maximum size impacts the concrete's water requirement, workability, and strength. Larger aggregates reduce the surface area needing cement paste coverage, which can lower water needs, thereby allowing a decrease in the water-to-cement ratio when the desired workability and richness of the mix are to be maintained, which can...
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Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
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Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Shift Aggregate Extract Networks.

Francesco Orsini1, Daniele Baracchi1, Paolo Frasconi1

  • 1Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel deep hierarchical decomposition architecture for learning graph representations. This method excels at classifying large social networks and is competitive on smaller chemobiological datasets.

Keywords:
neural networksrelational learningrepresentation learningsocial networkssupervised learning

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Area of Science:

  • Machine Learning
  • Graph Representation Learning
  • Network Analysis

Background:

  • Learning effective representations for large graphs is challenging due to high variability.
  • Existing methods like recursive neural networks struggle with complex graph structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new architecture for learning graph representations using deep hierarchical decompositions.
  • To enable the modeling of nested part-of-part relations in graphs.
  • To address the limitations of current graph classification methods on large, variable datasets.

Main Methods:

  • Extending classic R-decompositions to create a deep hierarchical structure.
  • Unrolling a neural network template over the decomposition hierarchy.
  • Utilizing domain compression to reduce computational complexity by exploiting symmetries.

Main Results:

  • The proposed architecture outperforms state-of-the-art graph classification methods on large social network datasets.
  • The method demonstrates competitive performance on small chemobiological benchmark datasets.
  • The approach effectively handles high degree variability in social network graphs.

Conclusions:

  • Deep hierarchical decompositions offer a powerful framework for graph representation learning.
  • This architecture provides a scalable and effective solution for graph classification tasks.
  • The method advances the state-of-the-art in both social network analysis and chemobiological data processing.