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SDS-PAGE

SDS-PAGE

Gel electrophoresis is a method that separates biological macromolecules like nucleic acids or proteins by forcing them to pass through a gel matrix under an electric field.
A variation of gel electrophoresis, termed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is commonly used for separating proteins according to their molecular size by passing them through a polyacrylamide gel. Because of the varying charges associated with amino acid side chains, PAGE can be used to separate intact...

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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels

Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels

Published on: August 27, 2014

Photodegradable Polyacrylamide Gels for Dynamic Control of Cell Functions.

Sam C P Norris¹, Jennifer Soto¹, Andrea M Kasko¹

¹Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|January 27, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed photodegradable polyacrylamide hydrogels that dynamically change stiffness with light. This allows studying how changing mechanical environments, not just static ones, impact cell behavior and fate.

Keywords:

actin orientation dynamic mechanical environment nuclear translocation o-nitrobenzyl photodegradable hydrogels polyacrylamide stimuli-responsive materials yes-associated protein

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Last Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels

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Simple Polyacrylamide-based Multiwell Stiffness Assay for the Study of Stiffness-dependent Cell Responses

Simple Polyacrylamide-based Multiwell Stiffness Assay for the Study of Stiffness-dependent Cell Responses

Published on: March 25, 2015

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Cell Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Polyacrylamide hydrogels offer tunable stiffness and ligand attachment for cell culture.
Current hydrogels have fixed properties after fabrication, limiting dynamic studies.
Dynamic control over material properties is crucial for understanding cell mechanobiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a light-controllable photodegradable polyacrylamide hydrogel system.
To investigate the impact of dynamic stiffness changes on cell behavior.
To explore how *in situ* substrate softening influences cellular responses.

Main Methods:

Synthesized photodegradable hydrogels via copolymerization of acrylamide and *ortho*-nitrobenzyl (o-NB) bis-acrylate.
Utilized light exposure to induce photocleavage of o-NB cross-links, reducing gel stiffness.
Cultured cells on gels with dynamic stiffness changes and analyzed YAP nuclear localization and cytoskeletal organization.

Main Results:

Demonstrated light-induced decrease in polyacrylamide hydrogel stiffness.
Showcased that *in situ* hydrogel softening alters cell behavior differently than pre-softened gels.
Observed significant changes in YAP localization and cytoskeleton organization upon *in situ* softening, dependent on surface protein conditions.

Conclusions:

Developed a novel photodegradable polyacrylamide hydrogel system for dynamic stiffness control.
Highlighted the importance of dynamic mechanical cues in influencing cell fate and behavior.
Enabled advanced studies of cell mechanobiology previously limited by static hydrogel properties.