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Sexual and asexual development: two distinct programs producing the same tunicate.

Mark Kowarsky1, Chiara Anselmi2, Kohji Hotta3

  • 1Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell Reports
|January 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colonial tunicates use distinct sexual (embryogenesis) and asexual (blastogenesis) pathways to develop. Despite different molecular profiles, key gene expression timing and stem cell roles are conserved across these developmental routes.

Keywords:
tunicate, Botryllus schlosseri, embryogenesis, blastogenesis, development, stem cells, regeneration, organogenesis, transcription factors, evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Comparative Genomics
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Colonial tunicates exhibit unique dual developmental pathways: sexual embryogenesis and asexual blastogenesis.
  • Understanding these pathways offers insights into conserved mechanisms of chordate development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a molecular and morphological atlas of Botryllus schlosseri development via embryogenesis and blastogenesis.
  • To compare gene expression patterns and identify conserved developmental factors across pathways and chordates.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic analysis to profile gene expression at different developmental stages.
  • Microscopy to observe morphological changes during both sexual and asexual development.
  • Comparative analysis of B. schlosseri developmental pathways with other chordates.

Main Results:

  • Sexual and asexual development in B. schlosseri display largely distinct molecular profiles.
  • Organogenesis timing and tissue-specific gene expression ordering are conserved between pathways.
  • Hundreds of putative transcription factors with conserved temporal expression were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Convergent adult morphology does not necessitate identical molecular mechanisms.
  • Tissue-specific stem cells and transcription factors are crucial for generating the same body plan through divergent developmental routes.
  • This study highlights conserved regulatory principles in chordate development.