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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Selectins01:25

Selectins

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Generation of a Novel Dendritic-cell Vaccine Using Melanoma and Squamous Cancer Stem Cells
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Cancer Vaccines: Antigen Selection Strategy.

Yue Zhao1, Alexey V Baldin1,2, Orkhan Isayev3

  • 1Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.

Vaccines
|January 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cancer vaccines (CVs) leverage host immunity against tumors. Tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) offer superior efficacy over tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) due to their unique expression, enhancing cancer vaccine development.

Keywords:
cancer antigenscancer vaccinescancer-germline antigensneoantigenstumor-associated antigenstumor-specific antigens

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Cancer vaccines (CVs) utilize the host immune system to target tumor cells.
  • Antigen choice critically impacts CV efficacy, with immunogenicity and avidity being key factors.
  • Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are well-studied but face challenges like immunological tolerance and HLA restriction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distinct characteristics of TAAs and tumor-specific antigens (TSAs).
  • To explore the application of TAAs and TSAs in cancer vaccine development.
  • To summarize the preclinical and clinical trial performance of vaccines utilizing these antigens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on TAAs and TSAs in cancer vaccines.
  • Analysis of antigen features influencing CV efficacy.
  • Synthesis of data from preclinical and clinical studies.

Main Results:

  • TSAs, absent in normal cells, can elicit potent, specific anti-tumor immune responses without central tolerance induction.
  • TAA-based CVs encounter significant hurdles including self-tolerance and adverse events.
  • The review highlights the potential of TSAs for more effective cancer vaccine strategies.

Conclusions:

  • TSAs present a promising alternative to TAAs for developing effective cancer vaccines.
  • Overcoming challenges associated with TAAs is crucial for advancing TAA-based CVs.
  • Further research into TSA application is warranted for improved cancer immunotherapy.