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Mass spectrometry-based phospholipid imaging: methods and findings.

Al Mamun1, Ariful Islam1, Fumihiro Eto1

  • 1Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.

Expert Review of Proteomics
|January 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) allows label-free visualization of phospholipids in biological samples. This technique is crucial for understanding cellular processes in health and disease.

Keywords:
DESI-MSIMALDI-MSIPhospholipidSIMS imagingmass spectrometry imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical imaging
  • Molecular biology
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Phospholipids are vital structural components of cell membranes.
  • Alterations in phospholipid levels are linked to various human diseases.
  • Visualizing phospholipids aids in understanding cellular mechanisms in normal and pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques for phospholipid visualization.
  • To summarize current findings and discuss future directions in phospholipid imaging.
  • To highlight the importance of phospholipid imaging in biomedical research.

Main Methods:

  • Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-MSI (MALDI-MSI)
  • Desorption electrospray ionization-MSI (DESI-MSI)
  • Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging

Main Results:

  • MSI enables label-free imaging of individual phospholipids in tissues and cells.
  • Specific MSI techniques offer different advantages for phospholipid analysis.
  • Advancements in MSI are improving efficiency and spatial resolution for phospholipid imaging.

Conclusions:

  • MSI techniques have significantly advanced phospholipid imaging in complex biological samples.
  • Further development of matrices for MALDI-MSI can enhance phospholipid imaging efficiency and resolution.
  • DESI-MSI and SIMS hold promise for live and subcellular-level phospholipid imaging, respectively.