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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Related Experiment Video

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In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
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Biologically Responsive Nanosystems Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases.

Zhiling Song1, Kechen Song1, Yi Xiao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China.

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Summary

Smart nanosystems offer precise cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment by responding to biological cues for targeted drug delivery. These advanced systems enhance treatment efficacy and enable non-invasive disease monitoring.

Keywords:
Biologically responsivecardiovascular diseases.drug deliverynanoparticlenanosystemsstimuli-triggered drug release

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading global cause of death and illness.
  • Current treatments face challenges in specificity and drug release control.
  • Stimuli-responsive nanosystems offer a promising approach for precise CVD management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in stimuli-responsive nanosystems for cardiovascular disease treatment.
  • To discuss the design, composition, and outcomes of these smart nanosystems.
  • To highlight their potential for site-specific drug delivery and non-invasive monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on single and multi-responsive nanosystems.
  • Analysis of nanosystems responding to biological cues (pH, enzymes, ROS, shear force, ATP).
  • Discussion of drug delivery and disease detection applications.

Main Results:

  • Nanosystems can be engineered to respond to various pathological microenvironmental cues.
  • Stimuli-responsive systems enable on-demand drug release and targeted delivery.
  • These systems can improve drug delivery performance and facilitate non-invasive disease monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Stimuli-responsive nanosystems represent a significant advancement in precision cardiovascular medicine.
  • Their ability to interact with the pathological microenvironment enhances therapeutic outcomes.
  • Future research holds potential for further optimizing these smart systems for CVD treatment and diagnostics.