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Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Chlorophyll and Major Features of the South China Sea with Satellite Information
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Is the Southern Ocean getting greener?

Carlos E Del Castillo1, Sergio Signorini1, Erdem M Karaköylü1

  • 1The Ocean Ecology Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Mail Code 616.2 8800 Greenbelt Road Greenbelt, Maryland 20771.

Geophysical Research Letters
|January 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The Southern Ocean is experiencing a significant increase in marine plant life, indicating a longer growing season. This "greening" trend, observed over 21 years, impacts ocean productivity and climate regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Oceanography
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in global biogeochemical cycles, ocean productivity, and climate regulation.
  • Understanding changes in phytoplankton concentration is crucial for assessing ecosystem health and climate feedbacks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze long-term trends in chlorophyll concentration across the Southern Ocean.
  • To investigate the spatial and seasonal patterns of these changes.
  • To assess the implications of observed trends for the Southern Ocean ecosystem and global climate.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 21 years of ocean color data from two NASA satellites.
  • Analyzed chlorophyll concentration trends across different sectors of the Southern Ocean.
  • Examined seasonal variations, particularly during the austral winter.

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant increases in chlorophyll concentration were observed across all Southern Ocean sectors.
  • The most pronounced increases were noted in the Sub-Antarctic Zone and Permanently Open Ocean Zone.
  • Trends were accentuated by higher chlorophyll concentrations during the austral winter, suggesting an extended growing season.

Conclusions:

  • The Southern Ocean is exhibiting a 'greening' trend, characterized by increasing phytoplankton biomass over the past two decades.
  • These increases, particularly evident during winter, suggest a lengthening of the marine primary production season.
  • The observed changes have significant implications for the Southern Ocean biological pump, overall ocean productivity, and higher trophic levels, underscoring the region's importance in Earth's climate system.