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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Published on: June 16, 2020
Efficacy of cyclophosphamide in treating connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung diseases
Valeria Nucera1, Elisabetta Gerratana1, Manuela Giallanza1
1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Abstract:
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are some of the first and most serious complications of connective tissue diseases (CTDs). However, the pathogenesis of CTD-related ILDs (CTD-ILDs) is still unclear and their treatment often depends on functional and radiographic disease progression as well as on patient age and comorbidities. It can be difficult to manage CTD-ILDs due to their heterogeneous nature, the lack of robust therapeutic data, and the few well-defined outcome measures. This review focuses on cyclophosphamide due to its crucial role in the treatment of systemic sclerosis-related ILD, particularly in the case of patients with progressive ILD. This narrative review was performed using PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases to retrieve English language papers published between 2000 and April 2020 concerning the treatment of CTD-ILDs with cyclophosphamide.
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