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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division01:18

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The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Ectopic parathyroid gland within carotid sheath.

Benjamin Ruimin Poh1, Rahul Harshad Nagadia1, Gerald Ci-An Tay1

  • 1Singhealth Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore.

Clinical Case Reports
|January 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Surgeons must consider ectopic parathyroid glands during neck surgery. A strategic approach is essential for locating these misplaced glands effectively.

Keywords:
endocrine surgerygeneral surgeryparathyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Parathyroid glands are crucial for calcium homeostasis.
  • Ectopic parathyroid glands can complicate surgical procedures.
  • Accurate localization is key to successful parathyroid surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of considering ectopic parathyroid glands during neck exploration.
  • To highlight the need for a strategic approach in locating these glands.

Main Methods:

  • Review of surgical anatomy relevant to parathyroid glands.
  • Discussion of common ectopic locations.
  • Outline of a systematic surgical strategy for identification.

Main Results:

  • Ectopic parathyroid glands are frequently encountered during surgery.
  • A well-defined strategy significantly improves localization success rates.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical planning must incorporate the possibility of ectopic parathyroid glands.
  • Adoption of a systematic approach enhances surgical outcomes in parathyroid procedures.