The effect of aging on the secretory immune system of the eye

The objective of the present study was to examine the influence of aging on the ocular secretory immune system of the eye. Levels of IgA and free secretory component (FSC) were measured in lacrimal glands and/or tears of 0.6, 1.3, 3, 8 and 17-month-old male and female rats. In addition, the FSC output of lacrimal tissue cultured in vitro was evaluated. During the period from 0.6 to 1.3 months of age, the content of tear IgA increased nine- and 13-fold in females and males, respectively. This rise was paralleled by changes in the concentration of tear FSC. Prior to the onset of puberty, FSC could be detected in only 7% of tear samples, whereas after pubertal maturation, tear FSC levels had attained adult concentrations. This tear FSC profile was similar to the age-related pattern of FSC output by lacrimal tissue incubated in vitro. Following puberty, tear IgA content continued to increase in both sexes until adulthood (3 months of age) and then plateaued in females from 8 to 17 months of age. In contrast, tear IgA in males appeared to stabilize from 3 to 8 months and then rose significantly to the highest levels at 17 months of age. This increase in males was also reflected in their lacrimal tissue: IgA content underwent a six-fold elevation from 3 to 17 months. Of interest is that the differential kinetics involved in tear IgA and FSC expression resulted in an age-associated decline in the FSC/IgA ratio from post-puberty to senescence. A striking finding in these studies was the persistence of a sexual dimorphism in the secretory immune system of the eye. After pubertal development, IgA and FSC levels were significantly higher in tears of males, compared to those of females, at all ages tested up to 17 months. These gender- and age-related variations in tear IgA and FSC amounts could not be accounted for by changes in either the volume of, or total protein content in, tears.