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Sarcoidosis: Pitfalls and Challenging Mimickers.

Naureen Narula¹, Michael Iannuzzi¹

¹Staten Island University Hospital, New York, NY, United States.

Frontiers in Medicine

|January 28, 2021

Summary

Sarcoidosis diagnosis can be delayed because it mimics other diseases like infections or cancers. This review identifies common sarcoidosis mimics to prevent diagnostic errors and ensure timely treatment.

Keywords:

aseptic meningitis cardiac sarcoidosis (CS)hypercalcemia (HCM)hypersentivity pneumonitis neurosarcoidosis sarcoidosis sarcoidosis associated pulmonary hypertension

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Area of Science:

Systemic autoimmune diseases
Granulomatous disorders

Background:

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with unknown cause.
Its presentation can resemble various other medical conditions, leading to diagnostic challenges.
Delayed diagnosis of sarcoidosis can result from its mimicry of infections, neoplasms, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and drug reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review common conditions that mimic sarcoidosis.
To highlight diagnostic pitfalls associated with these sarcoidosis mimics.
To emphasize the importance of excluding mimics before invasive testing or immunosuppressive therapy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of common sarcoidosis mimics.
Analysis of diagnostic challenges and delays.
Synthesis of information on differential diagnosis.

Main Results:

Sarcoidosis presentation frequently overlaps with other pathologies.
Common mimics include infections (e.g., tuberculosis), malignancies, and autoimmune conditions (e.g., lupus).
Failure to consider these mimics can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis of sarcoidosis requires careful consideration of its mimics.
Excluding mimicking conditions is crucial before initiating treatments like corticosteroids.
Awareness of common sarcoidosis mimics can improve patient outcomes by enabling prompt and correct management.