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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells
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Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells

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Targeted Cancer Therapies.

Claire Elizabeth Powers Smith1, Vinayak Prasad2

  • 1Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

American Family Physician
|January 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Targeted cancer therapies offer improved survival but have limited patient eligibility and significant adverse events. Future directions include tumor-agnostic drugs for broader application.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Targeted cancer therapies utilize agents like monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors to attack specific genetic biomarkers.
  • Examples include trastuzumab and pertuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer, improving survival for some advanced cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of targeted cancer therapies, including their indications, mechanisms of action, and associated toxicities.
  • To highlight the limitations and future directions in the field of targeted oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on targeted cancer therapies.
  • Analysis of indications, mechanisms of action, and adverse events.
  • Discussion of limitations such as patient eligibility, adverse events, drug interactions, and financial toxicity.

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A Flow Cytometry-Based Cell Surface Protein Binding Assay for Assessing Selectivity and Specificity of an Anticancer Aptamer
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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
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A Flow Cytometry-Based Cell Surface Protein Binding Assay for Assessing Selectivity and Specificity of an Anticancer Aptamer
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Main Results:

  • Targeted therapies have improved survival for certain cancers but benefit a small percentage of advanced cancer patients (as low as 8%).
  • Significant adverse events, including cardiovascular events (20-30% with ponatinib) and immune-related toxicities (hypothyroidism, colitis, pneumonitis), are common.
  • Drug interactions and high costs present additional challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advancements, targeted oncology faces challenges in patient selection, toxicity management, and accessibility.
  • Future research focuses on tumor-agnostic therapies targeting specific mutations for broader cancer treatment applicability.