C2 semisegmented hemivertebra - a rare anomaly presenting with torticollis

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Medical Imaging
• Developmental Biology

Background:

• Cervical hemivertebrae are rare congenital anomalies affecting the cervical spine.
• Hemivertebrae at the craniovertebral junction are exceptionally uncommon, with limited prior reports.
• These anomalies can cause neck movement restriction and torticollis, particularly in childhood.

Observation:

• A 21-year-old female presented with acute neck pain and a history of chronic torticollis.
• Computed tomography revealed a semisegmented hemivertebra between the C1 lateral mass and C2 on the right.
• No other spinal, bony, or systemic anomalies were identified.

Findings:

• The case presents a unique instance of a semisegmented C2 hemivertebra at the craniovertebral junction.
• The patient's symptoms included cervical pain and congenital torticollis.
• Conservative management with physical therapy was initiated.

Implications:

• This case expands the understanding of rare craniovertebral junction anomalies.
• Early diagnosis of cervical hemivertebrae is crucial for managing congenital torticollis.
• Further research into the embryological origins and clinical spectrum of these rare malformations is warranted.