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Coordinating cell polarization and morphogenesis through mechanical feedback.

Samhita P Banavar1,2, Michael Trogdon3, Brian Drawert4

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Summary
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Mechanical feedback is crucial for cell polarization during growth. This study shows that without sufficient mechanical feedback, cell polarity is lost, halting growth; with it, cells maintain polarity and grow robustly.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Cellular processes like growth and movement depend on cell polarization.
  • Coordination between cell shape (morphogenesis) and cell polarity requires feedback mechanisms.
  • The Cell Wall Integrity pathway is investigated for its role in this coordination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of genetically-encoded mechanical feedback in coordinating cell morphogenesis and polarity.
  • To understand how mechanical feedback influences cell polarization during budding yeast mating projection growth.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a coarse-grained continuum model for coupled cell polarization and morphogenesis dynamics.
  • Performed 3D stochastic simulations of molecular polarization in changing cell shapes.

Main Results:

  • Weak or absent mechanical feedback leads to loss of cell polarity at the projection tip, arresting growth.
  • Above a threshold mechanical feedback strength, cells robustly maintain polarity at the tip.
  • Sustained mating projection growth is achieved with adequate mechanical feedback.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical feedback, particularly within the Cell Wall Integrity pathway, is essential for coordinating cell polarization and morphogenesis.
  • This feedback provides critical positional information to the molecular machinery, ensuring proper cell function during growth and movement.