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Related Concept Videos

Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

275
In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
275
Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

576
Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
When all pores in an aggregate are filled with water, the aggregate is considered saturated and surface-dry. If left in dry air, water will evaporate until the...
576
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

320
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
320
Structure of Porins01:21

Structure of Porins

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Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and metabolites across the membrane. Mitochondrial porin precursors contain conserved amino acid sequences called beta signals at their C-terminal. Beta signals have a  motif of PoXGXXHyXHy (Po-Polar, X-Any amino acid, G-Glycine, Hy-LargeHydrophobic), which are crucial for precursor recognition to initiate precursor assembly. Beta-barrel...
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Permeability of Concrete01:25

Permeability of Concrete

320
Permeability in the context of concrete refers to how easily liquids or gases can pass through the material. This quality is crucial for assessing the water-tightness and durability of concrete structures and their resistance to chemical attacks. Concrete permeability can be determined through comparative laboratory tests. These tests typically involve sealing a concrete specimen from the sides, applying water pressure to the top surface with pressure, and measuring the amount of water passing...
320
Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

902
Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Characterizing Porous Materials for Aiding the Development of Robust Metal-Organic Frameworks with Adsorption Behavior
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porE: A code for deterministic and systematic analyses of porosities.

Kai Trepte1, Sebastian Schwalbe2

  • 1Stanford University, SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Menlo Park, California, USA.

Journal of Computational Chemistry
|January 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

We introduce porE, a Python-based tool for calculating metal-organic framework (MOF) porosities. This deterministic code offers accurate pore size distributions and analysis, improving MOF property calculations.

Keywords:
MOFporEpore sizeporosity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate porosity calculations are crucial for understanding metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
  • Existing methods may lack determinism or user-friendliness.
  • Efficient computational tools are needed for MOF analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present porE, an open-source Python implementation for calculating MOF porosities and related properties.
  • To provide deterministic and user-friendly approaches for MOF analysis.
  • To compare different porosity calculation methods and validate results.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of three deterministic porosity calculation approaches in Python.
  • Analysis of numerical parameter sensitivity.
  • Calculation of pore size distributions and pore windows.
  • Validation against benchmark sets of MOFs.

Main Results:

  • porE combines Fortran efficiency with Python's user-friendliness.
  • Deterministic methods avoid stochastic averaging for reliable porosity values.
  • Identified linear relationships within and between approaches for error correction.
  • Demonstrated efficient workflow design with porE.

Conclusions:

  • porE provides accurate, deterministic calculations for MOF porosities and pore characteristics.
  • The tool facilitates the design of complex computational workflows for MOF analysis.
  • porE enhances the understanding and application of MOFs through reliable property computation.