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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...

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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing

Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing

Published on: June 1, 2012

Transdermal electroosmotic flow generated by a porous microneedle array patch.

Shinya Kusama¹, Kaito Sato¹, Yuuya Matsui¹

¹Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.

Nature Communications

|January 29, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Porous microneedles enhance transdermal drug delivery by improving iontophoresis. These microneedles lower skin resistance, transport large molecules, and generate electroosmotic flow (EOF) for efficient drug delivery and extraction.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Transdermal drug delivery offers a minimally invasive alternative to traditional methods.
Iontophoresis enhances transdermal transport but faces limitations with larger molecules and skin resistance.
Microneedle arrays show promise for improving skin penetration and drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the application of ion-conductive porous microneedles (PMN) for enhanced iontophoresis.
To evaluate the advantages of PMN in lowering transdermal resistance, transporting large molecules, and generating electroosmotic flow (EOF).
To demonstrate the feasibility of a self-powered, totally organic iontophoresis patch using a biobattery.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of solid polymer-based ion-conductive porous microneedles (PMN) with interconnected micropores.
Modification of PMN with a charged hydrogel to enhance iontophoretic properties.
Evaluation of transdermal delivery of dextran and extraction of glucose using pig skin samples.
Integration of an enzymatic biobattery (fructose / O2) to power the PMN system.

Main Results:

PMN effectively lowered transdermal resistance by penetrating the stratum corneum.
The interconnected micropores facilitated the transport of larger molecules.
PMN generated significant electroosmotic flow (EOF), enhancing molecular penetration and extraction.
Successful EOF-assisted delivery of dextran and extraction of glucose were demonstrated.
A self-powered, totally organic iontophoresis patch using a biobattery was successfully demonstrated.

Conclusions:

Solid polymer-based ion-conductive porous microneedles (PMN) offer a significant advancement for iontophoresis.
PMN overcome key limitations of traditional iontophoresis, enabling efficient delivery of larger molecules and enhanced transdermal transport via EOF.
The development of a biobattery-powered PMN system presents a promising, fully organic solution for advanced transdermal drug delivery patches.