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Vertically integrated diffractive gratings on photonic crystal surface emitting lasers.

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Summary

This study demonstrates static beam steering in photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) by integrating diffractive optical elements. This advancement enables precise control over laser output for applications like LiDAR and 3D sensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Optoelectronics
  • Semiconductor Lasers

Background:

  • Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers (PCSELs) offer unique beam emission properties.
  • Static beam steering is crucial for advanced optical systems but challenging to implement on-chip.
  • Controlling laser beam directionality is essential for applications like LiDAR and 3D sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of static beam steering in PCSELs.
  • To explore the integration of diffractive optical elements for beam steering.
  • To analyze the influence of grating parameters on beam deflection.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of PCSELs with integrated diffractive optical elements.
  • Analysis of photonic band structure.
  • Characterization of lasing properties and beam deflection.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated static beam steering capability on a single chip.
  • Identified the coupling of the periodic ITO structure to the photonic crystal band.
  • Showcased that integrated gratings primarily provide diffractive function.
  • Showed beam steering is controllable by grating period and azimuthal angle.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated diffractive elements enable tunable beam steering in PCSELs.
  • The findings facilitate the design of PCSELs with controllable single or multiple output beams.
  • These PCSELs are promising light sources for LiDAR and 3D sensing systems.