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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster
Published on: December 22, 2018
Recommended Practice for Thrust Measurement in Electric Propulsion Testing
James E Polk1, Anthony Pancotti2, Thomas Haag3
1Principal Engineer, Propulsion, Thermal and Materials Engineering Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, M/S 125-109, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, Associate Fellow.
Abstract:
Accurate, direct measurement of thrust or impulse is one of the most critical elements of electric thruster characterization, and one of the most difficult measurements to make. This paper summarizes recommended practices for the design, calibration, and operation of pendulum thrust stands, which are widely recognized as the best approach for measuring μN- to mN-level thrust and μNs-level impulse bits. The fundamentals of pendulum thrust stand operation are reviewed, along with the implementation of hanging pendulum, inverted pendulum, and torsional balance configurations. Methods of calibration and recommendations for calibration processes are presented. Sources of error are identified and methods for data processing and uncertainty analysis are discussed. This review is intended to be the first step toward a recommended practices document to help the community produce high quality thrust measurements.
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