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Recommended Practice for Thrust Measurement in Electric Propulsion Testing.

James E Polk1, Anthony Pancotti2, Thomas Haag3

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Summary

Accurate measurement of electric thruster performance relies on specialized pendulum thrust stands. This paper outlines best practices for designing, calibrating, and operating these crucial instruments for precise thrust and impulse data.

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Applied Physics
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Accurate thrust and impulse measurements are vital for electric thruster characterization.
  • Measuring micro-Newton (μN) to milli-Newton (mN) thrust and micro-second (μNs) impulse bits is challenging.
  • Pendulum thrust stands are the established method for these precise measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of recommended practices for pendulum thrust stands.
  • To guide researchers in the design, calibration, and operation of thrust measurement systems.
  • To improve the quality and consistency of electric thruster performance data.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental pendulum thrust stand operation principles.
  • Analysis of hanging pendulum, inverted pendulum, and torsional balance configurations.
  • Discussion of calibration methodologies, error sources, data processing, and uncertainty analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of critical factors in designing and operating pendulum thrust stands.
  • Presentation of recommended calibration procedures and error mitigation strategies.
  • Outline of data processing techniques for accurate thrust and impulse determination.

Conclusions:

  • Pendulum thrust stands are essential for accurate low-level thrust measurement.
  • Adherence to recommended practices enhances measurement reliability and comparability.
  • This work serves as a foundation for a standardized best practices document.