Advanced Materials to Enhance Central Nervous System Tissue Modeling and Cell Therapy

The progressively deeper understanding of mechanisms underlying stem cell fate decisions has enabled parallel advances in basic biology-such as the generation of organoid models that can further one's basic understanding of human development and disease-and in clinical translation-including stem cell based therapies to treat human disease. Both of these applications rely on tight control of the stem cell microenvironment to properly modulate cell fate, and materials that can be engineered to interface with cells in a controlled and tunable manner have therefore emerged as valuable tools for guiding stem cell growth and differentiation. With a focus on the central nervous system (CNS), a broad range of material solutions that have been engineered to overcome various hurdles in constructing advanced organoid models and developing effective stem cell therapeutics is reviewed. Finally, regulatory aspects of combined material-cell approaches for CNS therapies are considered.