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Active smoking effect in allergic rhinitis.

René Maximiliano Gómez1, Víctor Hugo Croce2, Mario Emilio Zernotti3

  • 1Fundación Ayre, Instituto Médico Alas, Salta, Argentina.

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Summary

Active smokers with Allergic Rhinitis (AR) show no difference in quality of life compared to non-smokers. Reduced serum IL-33 levels in smokers may mask symptoms, potentially explaining why they don't perceive smoking's harmful effects.

Keywords:
Allergic rhinitisInflammationQuality of lifeTobacco

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Tobacco smoke is linked to rhinitis and reduced atopy.
  • Smokers with Allergic Rhinitis (AR) report similar nasal symptoms and quality of life as non-smokers.
  • This suggests a complex interaction between smoking, atopy, and AR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the quality of life and atopic inflammatory markers between active smokers and non-smokers diagnosed with AR.
  • To investigate the immunological differences in serum and nasal washes.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study comparing adult smokers and non-smokers with AR.
  • Salivary cotinine confirmed smoking status; Mini-RQLQ assessed quality of life.
  • Serum and nasal lavage samples analyzed for IgE and various interleukins (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-33).

Main Results:

  • Twenty-two patients per group with comparable demographics and allergen sensitivity.
  • Smokers showed significantly reduced serum IL-33 (P < 0.001) with a trend in nasal lavage.
  • No significant differences were found in quality of life or other inflammatory markers; pulmonary function was unaffected.

Conclusions:

  • Active smokers with AR do not experience impaired quality of life or altered atopic inflammatory markers compared to non-smokers.
  • Lower IL-33 levels in smokers might reduce symptom perception, potentially masking the adverse effects of smoking.
  • Further research is needed to understand the implications of reduced IL-33 in smokers with AR.