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Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects

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Bioinspired Modifications of PEEK Implants for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Xinming Gu¹, Xiaolin Sun¹, Yue Sun¹

¹Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

|January 29, 2021

Summary

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) shows promise as an implant material but has poor bone integration. This review explores strategies to enhance PEEK

Keywords:

bioactivity implants osseointegration polyetheretherketone surface modification

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Last Updated: Nov 19, 2025

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Published on: March 29, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Orthopedic Surgery
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is widely used in clinical implants due to its biocompatibility, chemical stability, radiolucency, and bone-like elastic modulus.
A significant limitation of PEEK implants is their inadequate integration with surrounding bone tissue.
Improving the bioactivity of PEEK is crucial for enhanced clinical performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current strategies for enhancing the biocompatibility and bone integration of PEEK implants.
To explore surface functionalization and structural modification techniques for PEEK.
To provide future directions for developing multifunctional PEEK implants inspired by bone tissue.

Main Methods:

Literature review of surface modification techniques for PEEK.
Analysis of structural modification approaches for PEEK.
Synthesis of findings on strategies to improve PEEK bioactivity.

Main Results:

Various strategies exist to enhance PEEK's bioactivity and bone integration.
Surface functionalization and structural modifications are key approaches.
Bone-inspired designs offer potential for multifunctional implants.

Conclusions:

Enhancing PEEK's bioactivity is essential for improving implant integration.
Future PEEK implants could be designed with multifunctional properties inspired by natural bone.
Further research into advanced PEEK modification techniques is warranted.