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COVID-19: An overview and a clinical update

Arunkumar Krishnan1, James P Hamilton2, Saleh A Alqahtani2

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States. dr.arunkumar.krishnan@gmail.com.

World Journal of Clinical Cases
|January 29, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents a global health challenge. This review summarizes current knowledge on its epidemiology, characteristics, and management, highlighting supportive care and potential therapies.

Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Virology
  • * Public Health

Background:

  • * The rapid global spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, originated in Wuhan, China.
  • * Transmission occurs through close contact and respiratory droplets, posing significant public health risks.
  • * Early research indicates potential treatments like dexamethasone and remdesivir, though supportive care remains primary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To comprehensively review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and management of COVID-19.
  • * To consolidate current evidence on SARS-CoV-2 for clinical understanding and disease management.
  • * To emphasize the need for ongoing learning due to the rapidly evolving nature of COVID-19 research.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review synthesizing available evidence on COVID-19.
  • * Analysis of epidemiological data, transmission routes, and clinical presentations.
  • * Summary of current and investigational therapeutic and vaccine strategies.

Main Results:

  • * COVID-19 is a highly transmissible respiratory illness with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • * Supportive care is the cornerstone of management; specific treatments like dexamethasone and remdesivir show promise.
  • * Over 150 vaccines are in development, indicating intensive global research efforts.

Conclusions:

  • * Understanding SARS-CoV-2's nature and clinical profile is crucial for effective disease management.
  • * Clinicians require regular updates on evolving COVID-19 knowledge.
  • * Continued research into treatments and vaccines is essential to combat the pandemic.

Keywords:
COVID-19CoronavirusesEpidemiologyImagingLaboratoryPreventionSARS-CoV-2SymptomsTreatmentVaccines

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