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NETosis in Rheumatic Diseases
Mehul P Jariwala1, Ronald M Laxer2
1Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Jim Pattison Children's Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. mehul.jariwala@usask.ca.
Current Rheumatology Reports
|January 29, 2021
Summary
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to autoimmune diseases by releasing autoantigens and activating immune cells. Understanding NETs
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Rheumatology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Neutrophils are key innate immune cells and first responders.
- Emerging evidence implicates neutrophils in systemic disease pathogenesis.
- Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent a novel mechanism in autoimmunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify mechanisms of NETs driving autoimmunity in rheumatic diseases.
- To review the role of NETs in the generation of autoimmune responses.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on NETs and autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
- Analysis of NET components and their immunomodulatory functions.
Main Results:
- NETs contain autoantigens like histones and chromatin.
- Increased NET formation, unique granulocyte populations, and impaired NET degradation are observed in autoimmune conditions.
- NETs activate immune cells, complement, and inflammasomes, contributing to autoantibody formation in rheumatoid arthritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Conclusions:
- NETs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
- Understanding NET pathways offers insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
- NETs may serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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