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A practical example of exploratory factor analysis and critical realism.

Anthony Summers1

  • 1Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.

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Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) links ontology levels in critical realism. This study demonstrates how EFA defines components of the actual by connecting empirical factors to theoretical generative mechanisms.

Keywords:
career pathwayscontinuing professional developmenteducationnurse practitionersresearchresearch methods

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Science
  • Ontological Research
  • Mixed-Methods Research

Background:

  • Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) offers a method to integrate ontological levels within critical realism.
  • This approach aligns with frameworks proposed in Summers (2020).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define components of the actual by linking empirical factors to theoretical generative mechanisms.
  • To illustrate the application of EFA in connecting abstract concepts to observable data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sequential mixed-methods study design.
  • Employed EFA to analyze empirical data against theorized generative mechanisms.
  • Investigated three generative mechanisms: perceived impact of continuing professional development (CPD) on patient care, motivations for CPD, and perceived barriers to CPD.

Main Results:

  • EFA successfully linked empirical factors to theoretical generative mechanisms.
  • Identified components of the actual were multifactorial.
  • Demonstrated that empirical factors are influenced by diverse generative mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • EFA provides a robust method for defining components of the actual.
  • Successfully linked theoretical generative mechanisms with empirical evidence.
  • Highlights the utility of articulating and linking ontological aspects to bridge theory and practice.