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Predictive Genetic Testing by the U.S. Military: Legal and Ethical Issues.

Maxwell J Mehlman^1,2, Efthimios Parasidis³

¹Arthur E. Petersilge Professor of Law, Distinguished University Professor, and Director of the Law-Medicine Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Military Medicine

|January 29, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Predictive genetic testing (PGT) offers significant benefits for military health and performance, but its use requires careful consideration of risks and regulatory clarity. Establishing guidelines is crucial for responsible implementation of PGT in military settings.

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Area of Science:

Military medicine
Genetics
Precision medicine

Background:

Precision medicine is advancing military healthcare.
Predictive genetic testing (PGT) is gaining interest for medical and operational applications.
PGT's role in the military is expanding for disease prediction and performance traits.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe current and potential military uses of PGT.
To explore the risks and benefits of PGT in the military.
To identify legal ambiguities and propose guidelines for military PGT.

Main Methods:

Review of current military genetic testing practices.
Analysis of potential applications of PGT for military personnel.
Examination of existing policies and legal frameworks governing PGT.

Main Results:

No current laws prevent military PGT; only medical genetic testing is routine.
PGT can potentially reduce illness/injury risk, improve fitness, and aid in personnel selection.
Risks include improper use of genetic information and stigmatization of service members.

Conclusions:

PGT will increasingly impact military health and performance.
Valid and useful PGT can benefit individuals and missions; caution is needed for unverified tests.
Clearer definitions of "unlawful discrimination" and risk-benefit assessments are necessary for responsible PGT implementation.