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Related Concept Videos

Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

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DNA damage-how and why we age?

Matt Yousefzadeh1, Chathurika Henpita1, Rajesh Vyas1

  • 1Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States.

Elife
|January 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA damage accumulation drives aging by impairing cellular repair mechanisms. This persistent genotoxic stress links to other aging factors, suggesting DNA damage may be the root cause of aging.

Keywords:
AgingDNA damageDNA repairgeneticsgenome instabilitygenomicsprogeria

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Aging is characterized by a declining ability to maintain homeostasis under stress, increasing disease and mortality risk.
  • Accumulation of macromolecular damage, particularly DNA damage, is a key contributor to the aging process.
  • Cells possess DNA repair mechanisms, but persistent DNA damage (genotoxic stress) can lead to senescence or apoptosis, which paradoxically promote aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting a causal role of DNA damage in aging.
  • To explore the links between genotoxic stress and other established aging hallmarks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature and evidence.
  • Analysis of the relationship between DNA damage and cellular aging pathways.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests that DNA damage plays a causal role in the aging process.
  • Genotoxic stress is interconnected with mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic issues, altered proteostasis, and inflammation.
  • These connections highlight the potential of DNA damage as a fundamental aging driver.

Conclusions:

  • DNA damage is a significant factor contributing to aging.
  • The interplay between DNA damage and other aging hallmarks strengthens the hypothesis that DNA damage is the root cause of aging.