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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

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Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
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A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
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Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
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A perpendicular field electromagnet with a 250 mm access bore.

A P Petrović1, B H M Smit1, K L Fong1

  • 1Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|January 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

We developed a laboratory electromagnet for perpendicular magnetic field generation up to ±0.48 T. This system offers precise temperature control for thin film sample studies in ambient conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Electromagnetism

Background:

  • Precise control over magnetic fields is crucial for studying material properties.
  • Existing electromagnets often have limitations in field strength, uniformity, or sample environment control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize a laboratory electromagnet for perpendicular flux applications.
  • To provide a versatile platform for thin film sample analysis under controlled magnetic and thermal conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A laboratory electromagnet was designed with a shaped ferromagnetic core for field amplification and homogenization.
  • The system incorporates a 250 mm clear access bore and a thermally regulated, isolated sample stage.
  • Magnetic field uniformity and sample temperature stability were rigorously tested.

Main Results:

  • The electromagnet generates magnetic fields up to ±0.48 T with high uniformity (±1.5 mT within a 28 mm² zone).
  • The system exhibits low thermal dissipation (<1 kW at maximum field).
  • Precise temperature control (±5 mK) is maintained for the sample stage, even at high magnetic fields.

Conclusions:

  • The developed electromagnet is a robust tool for perpendicular flux studies on thin films.
  • Its design balances high magnetic field generation with excellent sample environment control.
  • This apparatus facilitates advanced research in condensed matter physics and materials science.