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A new ultrafast X-ray diffraction setup enables precise structural measurements under dynamic compression. This advancement allows detailed study of material phase transitions, like the bcc-hcp transition in iron, under extreme conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • High-Energy-Density Physics

Background:

  • Laser-driven dynamic compression requires advanced diagnostic techniques.
  • Traditional X-ray diffraction methods face limitations in studying transient states.
  • Understanding material behavior under extreme pressure is crucial for various scientific fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an ultrafast X-ray powder diffraction setup for laser-driven dynamic compression.
  • To enable precise structural measurements of materials under shock and ramp compression.
  • To investigate the body-centered cubic to hexagonal close-packed (bcc-hcp) phase transition in iron.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an ultrafast X-ray powder diffraction setup at the LULI2000 laser facility.
  • Utilizing reflection geometry with a laser-generated plasma X-ray source.
  • Employing rear-side visible diagnostics (velocimetry and pyrometry) for pressure and temperature measurements.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of a novel reflection geometry X-ray diffraction setup.
  • Direct structural measurements of the bcc-hcp transition in shock and ramp-compressed polycrystalline iron.
  • Acquisition of diffraction signals between 2θ ∼ 30° and ∼150°.

Conclusions:

  • The developed setup facilitates probing of uniform thermodynamic conditions.
  • This platform allows the study of diverse materials and compression dynamics.
  • The study provides direct structural evidence of the bcc-hcp transition in iron under dynamic compression.