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X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera

Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera

Published on: January 30, 2020

High-performance coded aperture gamma camera based on monolithic GAGG:Ce crystal.

Wen He¹, Yingjie Wang¹, Xiuzuo Liang¹

¹Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|January 30, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new coded aperture gamma camera using a monolithic gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG):Ce crystal detector achieves high performance. This advanced imaging system demonstrates excellent resolution and potential for future improvements in nuclear medicine applications.

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Area of Science:

Nuclear physics and instrumentation
Medical imaging technology
Materials science for detectors

Background:

Monolithic crystal detectors offer advantages in uniformity and energy resolution.
Coded aperture imaging provides a compact and potentially high-resolution alternative to traditional gamma cameras.
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are increasingly used in radiation detection due to their compactness and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a novel coded aperture gamma camera utilizing a monolithic GAGG:Ce crystal detector.
To assess the imaging performance of the developed gamma camera with various radioactive sources.
To demonstrate the potential of this system for nuclear medicine applications.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a monolithic 50 × 50 × 10 mm³ GAGG:Ce crystal coupled to an 8 × 8 SiPM array.
Implementation of a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based positioning algorithm and fan-beam calibration.
Imaging experiments using Cs-137, Am-241, and Na-22 radioactive sources at varying activities and distances.

Main Results:

The GAGG:Ce detector exhibited excellent system uniformity and an energy resolution of 7.4% at 662 keV.
Achieved position resolution of ~1.4 mm and depth of interaction resolution of ~2 mm.
Demonstrated successful reconstruction of a 1-mCi Cs-137 source with a signal-to-noise ratio of 6.5 in 1 second; imaging of low-energy and low-activity sources was also successful.

Conclusions:

The developed monolithic-crystal-based coded aperture gamma camera achieves high performance in terms of resolution and imaging capabilities.
The system shows significant potential for further optimization and application in nuclear medicine and other fields requiring sensitive gamma-ray imaging.
This technology represents a promising advancement in compact and high-resolution gamma camera design.