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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Factors02:16

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
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Extensive tissue-specific expression variation and novel regulators underlying circadian behavior.

Maria Litovchenko1,2, Antonio C A Meireles-Filho1,2, Michael V Frochaux1,2

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Genetic variation significantly impacts fruit fly circadian rhythms, causing desynchrony between tissues. A novel mutation in the

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Natural genetic variation influences circadian rhythms across species.
  • The molecular basis of circadian clock variation is not fully understood.
  • Circadian rhythms are crucial for physiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate population-level, molecular circadian clock variation in Drosophila.
  • To create a comprehensive circadian gene expression atlas.
  • To identify genetic variants affecting circadian gene expression and tissue synchrony.

Main Methods:

  • Generated over 700 tissue-specific transcriptomes from Drosophila melanogaster (w) and 141 Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) lines.
  • Created a circadian gene expression atlas of over 1700 cycling genes.
  • Performed genetic analysis, protein structural modeling, and brain immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • Discovered a comprehensive circadian gene expression atlas with over 1700 cycling genes, including novel clock components.
  • Identified that over 30% of DGRP lines show aberrant circadian gene expression, leading to intertissue desynchrony.
  • Uncovered a novel cry mutation disrupting light-driven photoreduction, validating a conserved photoentrainment mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Pervasive tissue-specific circadian expression variation exists due to genetic variants.
  • Genetic variants act on tissue-specific regulatory networks to generate local gene expression oscillations.
  • This variation contributes to intertissue circadian desynchrony, impacting overall organismal rhythmicity.