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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Low methane phenotype of feedlot steers changes throughout production and depends on diet.

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Use of 3-nitrooxypropanol in a commercial feedlot to decrease enteric methane emissions from cattle fed a corn-based

Aklilu W Alemu1, Adam L Shreck2, Calvin W Booker2

  • 1Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.

Journal of Animal Science
|January 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Supplementing feedlot cattle with 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) effectively reduces enteric methane (CH4) production. A medium dose of 3-NOP significantly decreased CH4 yield by 76% in cattle on corn-based diets.

Keywords:
beef cattleenteric methaneenvironmental sustainabilitygreenhouse gas emissionsmethane inhibitorsteam-flaked corn

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Ruminant Nutrition
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Enteric methane (CH4) production in feedlot cattle contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Dietary strategies are sought to mitigate CH4 emissions from cattle without compromising performance.
  • 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) is a promising feed additive for reducing enteric CH4.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on enteric CH4 production, dry matter intake (DMI), and rumen fermentation in feedlot cattle.
  • To determine the optimal dose of 3-NOP for CH4 mitigation in commercial beef feedlots.

Main Methods:

  • 100 crossbred steers were assigned to four treatment groups: control, low (100 mg/kg DM), medium (125 mg/kg DM), and high (150 mg/kg DM) doses of 3-NOP.
  • Cattle were fed their respective diets for 112 days, with CH4 emissions measured using the GreenFeed emission monitoring (GEM) system.
  • Rumen fermentation parameters, including acetate:propionate ratio, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • 3-NOP supplementation significantly decreased CH4 yield (g/kg DMI) by 52%, 76%, and 63% for low, medium, and high doses, respectively.
  • The medium dose of 3-NOP demonstrated the highest efficacy (76% reduction) in CH4 yield, with consistent performance over time.
  • Hydrogen emissions increased 4.9-fold, and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased, indicating shifts in rumen fermentation pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Supplementation with a medium dose of 3-NOP is an effective CH4 mitigation strategy for commercial beef feedlots.
  • 3-NOP alters rumen fermentation, promoting hydrogen utilization by pathways other than methanogenesis.
  • Further research is warranted to assess the long-term effects of 3-NOP on cattle growth, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics.