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MicroRNAs and thyroid hormone action.

Ana Aranda1

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|January 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate gene expression by interacting with receptors, influencing microRNA (miRNA) levels. These miRNAs, in turn, modulate TH signaling, impacting various physiological and pathological processes.

Keywords:
CancerHeartLiverMetabolismSkinThyroid hormone receptorsmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Thyroid hormones (THs) are crucial for development, metabolism, and cell growth, acting via nuclear receptors (TRs).
  • A complex interplay exists where miRNAs target TH signaling components, and THs modulate miRNA expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the regulatory relationship between miRNAs and thyroid hormone signaling.
  • To understand how this interaction influences physiological and pathological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on miRNA and TH signaling.
  • Identification of miRNAs targeting deiodinases and TRs.
  • Analysis of TH-mediated regulation of miRNA expression, including identification of thyroid hormone response elements (TREs).

Main Results:

  • miRNAs target key components of the TH signaling pathway, including deiodinases and TRs.
  • THs modulate the expression of specific miRNAs, often through direct transcriptional regulation via TRs binding to TREs in miRNA genes.
  • Altered miRNA levels mediate TH actions in processes like muscle and heart function, liver metabolism, and skin physiology.

Conclusions:

  • The bidirectional regulation between miRNAs and TH signaling is a critical mechanism in various biological functions.
  • Dysregulation of this axis is implicated in cell proliferation and cancer.
  • This intricate network highlights miRNAs as key mediators of TH effects.